# Hardware in the Loop Simulation (HITL)

硬件在环仿真模式 (HITL 或 HIL) 下 PX4 固件代码运行在真实的飞行控制器硬件平台上。 这种方法的优点是可以在实际硬件上测试大多数的实际飞行代码。

PX4 supports HITL for multicopters (using jMAVSim or Gazebo Classic) and VTOL (using Gazebo Classic).

# HITL兼容机架

目前兼容的机架构型和模拟器的情况如下:

机架 SYS_AUTOSTART Gazebo Classic jMAVSim
HIL Standard VTOL QuadPlane 1002 Y Y
HIL Standard VTOL QuadPlane 4001 Y
Generic Quadrotor x copter 4011 Y Y

# HITL 仿真环境

硬件在环仿真(HITL)模式下标准的 PX4 固件在真实的硬件上运行。 JMAVSim or Gazebo Classic (running on a development computer) are connected to the flight controller hardware via USB/UART. 模拟器充当在 PX4 和 QGroundControl 之间共享 MAVLink 数据的网关。

注解

The simulator can also be connected via UDP if the flight controller has networking support and uses a stable, low-latency connection (e.g. a wired Ethernet connection - WiFi is usually not sufficiently reliable). For example, this configuration has been tested with PX4 running on a Raspberry Pi connected via Ethernet to the computer (a startup configuration that includes the command for running jMAVSim can be found here (opens new window)).

The diagram below shows the simulation environment:

  • 飞控板 HITL 模式被激活 (通过 QGroundControl) ,该模式下不会启动飞控板上任何传感器。
  • jMAVSim or Gazebo Classic are connected to the flight controller via USB.
  • 模拟器通过 UDP 连接到 QGroundControl 并将 MAVLink 数据传输至 PX4 。
  • Gazebo Classic and jMAVSim can also connect to an offboard API and bridge MAVLink messages to PX4.
  • (可选 - 仅适用于Gazebo) Gazebo 还可以连接到一个 offboard API ,并将 MAVLink 数据桥接到 PX4 。

HITL Setup - jMAVSim and Gazebo Classic

# HITL 相比于 SITL

相比之下, HITL 在正常飞控硬件平台上运行正常的处于 ”HITL 模式“ 的 PX4 固件。 仿真数据进入整个仿真系统的时间点与 SITL 有所不同。

By contrast, HITL runs normal PX4 firmware in "HITL mode", on normal hardware. The simulation data enters the system at a different point than for SITL. Core modules like commander and sensors have HITL modes at startup that bypass some of the normal functionality.

完成所有的配置设定后 关闭 QGroundControl 并断开飞控板与计算机的连接。

# 配置 HITL

# JMAVSim/Gazebo HITL 仿真环境

  1. 通过 USB 将自动驾驶仪直接连接到 QGroundControl
  2. 激活 HITL 模式
    1. 打开 Setup > Safety 选项卡。

    2. HITL Enabled 下拉框中选择 Enabled 完成 HITL 模式的激活。

      QGroundControl HITL 配置

  3. 选择机架
    1. 打开 Setup > Airframes 选项卡。

    2. 选择一个你想要进行测试的 兼容的机架 。 Then click Apply and Restart on top-right of the Airframe Setup page.

      选择机架

  4. 如有必要, 校准您的 RC 遥控器 或操纵杆。
  5. 设置 UDP
    1. 在设置菜单的 "General" 选项卡下, 取消选中 AutoConnect 一栏中除 UDP 外的所有复选框。

      GITL 模式 QGC 自动连接设置

  6. (可选) 配置操纵杆和故障保护。 设置以下 parameters (opens new window) 以便使用操纵杆而不是 RC 遥控器:
    • COM_RC_IN_MODE 更改为 "Joystick/No RC Checks". 这允许操纵杆输入并禁用 RC 输入检查。 这允许操纵杆输入并禁用 RC 输入检查。
    • NAV_DLL_ACT 更改为 "Disabled"。 这可确保在没有无线遥控的情况下运行 HITL 时 RC 失控保护不会介入。

提示

The QGroundControl User Guide also has instructions on Joystick (opens new window) and Virtual Joystick (opens new window) setup.

遵循以下流程进行 X-Plane 模拟器的配置:

# X-Plane HITL 仿真环境

总而言之, HITL 在真实硬件上运行标准 PX4 固件,而 SITL 实际上要比标准 PX4 系统执行更多的代码。

# Gazebo Classic

注解

Make sure QGroundControl is not running!

  1. Build PX4 with Gazebo Classic (in order to build the Gazebo Classic plugins).

    cd <Firmware_clone>
    DONT_RUN=1 make px4_sitl_default gazebo-classic
    
  2. Open the vehicle model's sdf file (e.g. Tools/simulation/gazebo/sitl_gazebo/models/iris_hitl/iris_hitl.sdf).

  3. 找到文件的 mavlink_interface plugin 分区,将 serialEnabledhil_mode 参数更改为 true

注解

The serial device depends on what port is used to connect the vehicle to the computer (this is usually /dev/ttyACM0). An easy way to check on Ubuntu is to plug in the autopilot, open up a terminal, and type dmesg | grep "tty". The correct device will be the last one shown.

  1. Set up the environment variables:

    source Tools/simulation/gazebo/setup_gazebo.bash $(pwd) $(pwd)/build/px4_sitl_default
    

    and run Gazebo Classic in HITL mode:

    gazebo Tools/simulation/gazebo/sitl_gazebo/worlds/hitl_iris.world
    
  2. Start QGroundControl. It should autoconnect to PX4 and Gazebo Classic.

# jMAVSim (仅适用于四旋翼无人机)

注解

Make sure QGroundControl is not running!

  1. 将飞行控制器连接到计算机, 并等待其启动。
  2. 在 HITL 模式下运行 jMAVSim (r如有必要,修改串口号名称 /dev/ttyACM0 - 比如,在 Mac OS 上该参数应为 /dev/tty.usbmodem1): sh ./Tools/jmavsim_run.sh -q -d /dev/ttyACM0 -b 921600 -r 250
    ./Tools/simulation/jmavsim/jmavsim_run.sh -q -s -d /dev/ttyACM0 -b 921600 -r 250
    

注解

Replace the serial port name /dev/ttyACM0 as appropriate. On macOS this port would be /dev/tty.usbmodem1. On Windows (including Cygwin) it would be the COM1 or another port - check the connection in the Windows Device Manager.

  1. 开启 QGroundControl。 它应该会自动连接 PX4 和 Gazebo 。

# 在 HITL 仿真中执行自主飞行任务

You should be able to use QGroundControl to run missions (opens new window) and otherwise control the vehicle.