# PX4 Ethernet Setup

Ethernet connectivity provides a fast, reliable, and flexible communication alternative to using USB or other serial connections.

It can be used to connect to ground stations, companion computers, and other MAVLink systems. It is particularly recommended when connecting to systems that "natively" use Ethernet - for example IP radios.

This topic covers:

Supported flight controllers
Setting up an Ethernet network for PX4 and any systems it needs to connect to (including ground stations and companion computers).
PX4 MAVLink Serial Port Configuration, specifying the UDP ports and MAVLink profiles that should be used for connecting to a GCS and a companion computer.
Using MAVSDK or ROS2 to connect to PX4 over the network.

# Supported Flight Controllers

PX4 supports Ethernet connectivity on Pixhawk 5X-standard (opens new window) flight controllers (and later) that have an Ethernet port. It may also be supported on other boards.

Supported flight controllers include:

Holybro Pixhawk 5X

# Setting up the Ethernet Network

To connect systems over Ethernet you need to configure them to run on the same IP network, so that each system has a unique IP address and can find the other systems. This might be done using a DHCP server to allocate addresses, or by manually configuring the addresses of each system on the network.

There is no single "out of the box configuration" that we can provide that will necessarily work in your local network. Therefore as an example of the kind of configuration you might do, below we show how to set up the systems on an IP network with static addresses in the range 192.168.0.Xxx, where PX4 has a statically allocated address 192.168.0.4 and the computer has address 192.168.0.1. If you wanted to connect a companion computer or other system to the network you could use a similar approach to allocate a static address.

Note

There is nothing "special" about the network configuration (other than perhaps the tools used to modify the network settings); it works much the same as any home or business network. Which is to say that a knowledge of how IP networks work is highly desirable!

# PX4 Ethernet Network Setup

PX4 uses the netman module to apply and update network settings.

Network settings are defined in the configuration file /fs/microsd/net.cfg on the SD card. This is a text file, that defines each setting on a new line as a name=value pair. A configuration file might look like this:

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=fallback
IPADDR=192.168.0.4
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ROUTER=192.168.0.254
DNS=192.168.0.254

Where the values are:

DEVICE: Interface name. Default is eth0.
BOOTPROTO: Protocol for getting PX4 IP address. Valid values for proto are: dhcp, static, fallback (use DHCP but fall back to static address after time, if that fails)
IPADDR: Static IP address (used if BOOTPROTO is static or fallback)
NETMASK: Network mask
ROUTER: The address of the default route.
DNS: The address of the DNS server.

To set the above "example" configuration using the QGroundControl:

Connect the flight controller to the computer with the USB cable.
Open QGroundcontrol > Analyze Tools > MAVLink Console

Enter commands "like" the ones below into the MAVLink Console (to write the values to the configuration file):

echo DEVICE=eth0 > /fs/microsd/net.cfg
echo BOOTPROTO=fallback >> /fs/microsd/net.cfg
echo IPADDR=192.168.0.4 >> /fs/microsd/net.cfg
echo NETMASK=255.255.255.0 >>/fs/microsd/net.cfg
echo ROUTER=192.168.0.254 >>/fs/microsd/net.cfg
echo DNS=192.168.0.254 >>/fs/microsd/net.cfg

Once the network configuration has been set you can disconnect the USB cable.
Reboot the flight controller to apply the settings.

Note that the above setup gives the flight controller an address on the Ethernet network. You also need to [configure the Ethernet port]((#px4-mavlink-serial-port-configuration) to use MAVLink.

# Ubuntu Ethernet Network Setup

If you're using Ubuntu for your ground station (or companion computer) then you can use netplan (opens new window) to configure the network.

Below we show how you write a setup to the netplan configuration file "/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml", which would run on the same network as used by the PX4 setup above. Note that there are many more examples (opens new window) and instructions in the netplan (opens new window) documentation.

To setup the Ubuntu Computer:

In a terminal, create and open a netplan configuration file: /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml Below we do this using the nano text editor.
```
sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 
```

Copy and paste the following configuration information into the file (note: the indentations are important!):

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
      enp2s0:
          addresses:
              - 192.168.0.1/24
          nameservers:
              addresses: [192.168.0.1]
          routes:
              - to: 192.168.0.1
                via: 192.168.0.1

Save and exit the editor.

Apply the netplan configuration by entering the following command into the Ubuntu terminal.
```
sudo netplan apply
```

# Companion Computer Ethernet Network Setup

The setup for a companion computer will depend on the companion computer's operating system.

A Linux operating system may support netplan, in which case the instructions would be the same as above, but using a unique IP address.

# PX4 MAVLink Serial Port Configuration

The Ethernet port configuration sets the properties of the serial link (which is how PX4 views the Ethernet connection). This includes the set of MAVLink messages that are streamed, the data rate, the UDP ports that a remote system can connect listen to, etc.

Note

You must separately configure the PX4 IP address and other network settings (as shown previously).

PX4 configures the serial port to connect to a GCS via MAVLink, using the parameters shown below:

Parameter	Value	Description
MAV_2_CONFIG	1000	Configure Ethernet port
MAV_2_BROADCAST	1	Broadcast `HEARTBEAT` messages
MAV_2_MODE	0	Send the "normal" set of MAVLink messages (i.e. the GCS set)
MAV_2_RADIO_CTL	0	Disable software throttling of MAVLink traffic
MAV_2_RATE	100000	Maximum sending rate
MAV_2_REMOTE_PRT	14550	MAVLink Remote Port of 14550 (GCS)
MAV_2_UDP_PRT	14550	MAVLink Network Port of 14550 (GCS)

Normally a companion computer would use port 14540 (rather than 14550) and stream the set of MAVLink messages specified in the Onboard profile. You can configure this setup by changing MAV_2_REMOTE_PRT and MAV_2_UDP_PRT to 14540 and MAV_2_MODE to 2 (Onboard). Note however that this will still work using the GCS profile.

For more information on MAVLink serial port configuration see MAVLink Peripherals (GCS/OSD/Companion)

# QGroundControl Setup Example

Assuming you have already Set up the Ethernet Network so your ground station computer and PX4 run on the same network, and

To connect QGroundControl to PX4 over Ethernet:

Set up the Ethernet Network so your ground station computer and PX4 run on the same network.
Connect the ground station computer and PX4 using an Ethernet cable.
Start QGroundControl and define a comm link (opens new window) (Application Settings > Comm Links) specifying the server address and port as the IP address and port assigned in PX4, respectively.

Assuming that the values are set as described in the rest of this topic the setup will look like this:
QGroundControl should then connect if you select this link.

Note

PX4 Ethernet Port Configuration should not be needed (the default are appropriate for a GCS).

# MAVSDK-Python Setup Example

To setup MAVSDK-Python running on a companion computer:

Set up the Ethernet Network so your companion computer and PX4 run on the same network.
Modify the PX4 Ethernet Port Configuration to connect to a companion computer. You might change the parameters MAV_2_REMOTE_PRT and MAV_2_UDP_PRT to 14540, and MAV_2_MODE to 2 (Onboard).
Follow the instructions in MAVSDK-python (opens new window) to install and use MAVSDK.

For example, your code will connect to the PX4 using:
```
await drone.connect(system_address="udp://192.168.0.4:14540")
```

MAVSDK

can connect to the PX4 on port 14550 if you don't modify the PX4 Ethernet port configuration. However this is not recommended because the default configuration is optimised for communicating with a GCS (not a companion computer).

# ROS2 Setup Example

Prerequisites:

You have a supported autopilot hardware with RTPS feature enabled firmware on it by using this guide.
ROS2 has been set up correctly and sanity check has been confirmed.
You have followed the Ethernet network and port setup as discussed at the top of this page.

In this example it is assumed that you have followed the example to set your IP addresses.

Connect your Flight controller via Ethernet
Open QGroundControl > Analyze Tools > MAVLink Console
Enter the command below to start the micro_rtps client on your flight controller. Note that the remote IP here is your companion computer IP. This by default starts the micrortps_client connected to UDP ports 2019 and 2020 To make changes you can take a look at RTPS guide
```
micrortps_client start -t UDP -i <remote IP>
```
An output like below is expected in the console:
```
INFO  [micrortps_client] UDP transport: ip address: 192.168.0.1; recv port: 2019; send port: 2020
INFO  [micrortps_client] UDP transport: Trying to connect...
INFO  [micrortps_client] UDP transport: Connected to server!
```
Then we need to run the agent by typing the below commands in a new terminal on either our Linux computer. This will start the agent on localhost which is 127.0.0.1.
```
$ source ~/px4_ros_com_ros2/install/setup.bash
$ micrortps_agent start -t UDP
```

In a new terminal you can run a listener node to confirm the connection is established:

$ source ~/px4_ros_com_ros2/install/setup.bash
$ ros2 launch px4_ros_com sensor_combined_listener.launch.py

If everything goes ok and there is an established connection you can see the output below in your terminal:

RECEIVED SENSOR COMBINED DATA
=============================
ts: 855801598
gyro_rad[0]: -0.00339938
gyro_rad[1]: 0.00440091
gyro_rad[2]: 0.00513893
gyro_integral_dt: 4997
accelerometer_timestamp_relative: 0
accelerometer_m_s2[0]: -0.0324082
accelerometer_m_s2[1]: 0.0392213
accelerometer_m_s2[2]: -9.77914
accelerometer_integral_dt: 4997

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