Arm, Disarm, Prearm Configuration
机体是有可移动的部件的，其中一些在通电后会有潜在的危险性（特别是电机和螺旋桨）！
为了减少发生事故的可能性， PX4 有明确的载具部件供电状态：
- Disarmed: There is no power to motors or actuators.
- Pre-armed: Motors/propellers are locked but actuators for non-dangerous electronics are powered (e.g. ailerons, flaps etc.).
- Armed: Vehicle is fully powered. 电机/螺旋桨可能转动（危险！）
Ground stations may display disarmed for pre-armed vehicles. 虽然技术上不适合预解锁的载具，但它是“安全的”。
Users can control progression though these states using a safety switch on the vehicle (optional) and an arming switch/button, arming gesture, or MAVLink command on the ground controller:
A safety switch is a control on the vehicle that must be engaged before the vehicle can be armed, and which may also prevent prearming (depending on the configuration). 通常，安全开关被集成到 GPS 单元中，但也可能是一个单独的物理组件。
WARNING
解锁后的载具有潜在危险。 安全开关是防止意外解锁发生的一个附加机制。 :::
- An arming switch is a switch or button on an RC controller that can be used to arm the vehicle and start motors (provided arming is not prevented by a safety switch).
- An arming gesture is a stick movement on an RC controller that can be used as an alternative to an arming switch.
- 也可以通过地面站发送 MAVLink 命令来解锁/锁定载具。
如果在解锁后的一段时间内没有起飞，和如果着陆后没有手动锁定， PX4 会自动锁定载具。 这减少了解锁的载具在地面上的时间。
PX4 allows you to configure how pre-arming, arming and disarming work using parameters (which can be edited in QGroundControl via the parameter editor), as described in the following sections.
TIP
Arming/disarming parameters can be found in Parameter Reference > Commander (search for COM_ARM_* and COM_DISARM_*).
解锁手法
默认情况下，载具可以通过移动遥控器的油门/偏航摇杆到特定的位置，并保持 1 秒来解锁和锁定。
- Arming: Throttle minimum, yaw maximum
- Disarming: Throttle minimum, yaw minimum
RC controllers will have different gestures based on their mode (as controller mode affects the sticks used for throttle and yaw):
- Mode 2:
- Arm: Left stick to bottom right.
- Disarm: Left stick to the bottom left.
- Mode 1:
- Arm: Left-stick to right, right-stick to bottom.
- Disarm: Left-stick to left, right-stick to the bottom.
可以使用COM_RC_ARM_HYST参数来配置保持时间。
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| COM_RC_ARM_HYST | 遥控器的摇杆在解锁/锁定发生之前必须保持在解锁/锁定的位置。（默认：1 秒）。 |
解锁按钮/开关
An arming button or "momentary switch" can be configured to trigger arm/disarm instead of gesture-based arming (setting an arming switch disables arming gestures). 按钮应该保持按下（名义上）1 秒来解锁（当锁定时）或者锁定（当解锁时）。
A two-position switch can also be used for arming/disarming, where the respective arm/disarm commands are sent on switch transitions.
TIP
两段解锁开关主要用于/推荐用于竞技无人机。
The switch or button is assigned (and enabled) using RC_MAP_ARM_SW, and the switch "type" is configured using COM_ARM_SWISBTN.
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| RC_MAP_ARM_SW | RC arm switch channel (default: 0 - unassigned). If defined, the specified RC channel (button/switch) is used for arming instead of a stick gesture. Note: - This setting disables the stick gesture! - This setting applies to RC controllers. It does not apply to Joystick controllers that are connected via QGroundControl. |
| COM_ARM_SWISBTN | Arm switch is a momentary button. - 0: Arm switch is a 2-position switch where arm/disarm commands are sent on switch transitions.- 1: Arm switch is a button or momentary button where the arm/disarm command ae sent after holding down button for set time (COM_RC_ARM_HYST). |
The switch can also be set as part of QGroundControl Flight Mode configuration.
自动上锁
By default vehicles will automatically disarm on landing, or if you take too long to take off after arming. The feature is configured using the following timeouts.
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| COM_DISARM_LAND | 降落后自动锁定超时时间. Default: 2s (-1 to disable). |
| COM_DISARM_PRFLT | Time-out for auto disarm if too slow to takeoff. Default: 10s (<=0 to disable). |
Pre-Arm Checks
To reduce accidents, vehicles are only allowed to arm certain conditions are met. Arming is prevented if:
- The vehicle is not in a "healthy" state. For example it is not calibrated, or is reporting sensor errors.
- The vehicle has a safety switch that has not been engaged.
- The vehicle has a remote ID that is unhealthy or otherwise not ready
- A VTOL vehicle is in fixed-wing mode (by default).
- The current mode requires an adequate global position estimate but the vehicle does not have GPS lock.
- Many more ...
The current failed checks can be viewed in QGroundControl (v4.2.0 and later): Fly View > Arming and Preflight Checks.
Note that internally PX4 runs arming checks at 10Hz. A list of the failed checks is kept, and if the list changes PX4 emits the current list using the Events interface. The list is also sent out when the GCS connects. Effectively the GCS knows the status of prearm checks immediately, both when disarmed and armed.
Details
Implementation notes for developers The client implementation is in libevents:
QGC implementation: HealthAndArmingCheckReport.cc.
PX4 also emits a subset of the arming check information in the SYS_STATUS message (see MAV_SYS_STATUS_SENSOR).
解锁顺序：预解锁模式 & 安全按钮
The arming sequence depends on whether or not there is a safety switch, and is controlled by the parameters COM_PREARM_MODE (Prearm mode) and CBRK_IO_SAFETY (I/O safety circuit breaker).
The COM_PREARM_MODE parameter defines when/if pre-arm mode is enabled ("safe"/non-throttling actuators are able to move):
- Disabled: Pre-arm mode disabled (there is no stage where only "safe"/non-throttling actuators are enabled).
- Safety Switch (Default): The pre-arm mode is enabled by the safety switch. If there is no safety switch then pre-arm mode will not be enabled.
- Always: Prearm mode is enabled from power up.
If there is a safety switch then this will be a precondition for arming. If there is no safety switch the I/O safety circuit breaker must be engaged (CBRK_IO_SAFETY), and arming will depend only on the arm command.
The sections below detail the startup sequences for the different configurations
默认：COM_PREARM_MODE=Safety and Safety Switch
The default configuration uses safety switch to prearm. From prearm you can then arm to engage all motors/actuators. It corresponds to: COM_PREARM_MODE=1 (safety switch) and CBRK_IO_SAFETY=0 (I/O safety circuit breaker disabled).
The default startup sequence is:
Power-up.
- All actuators locked into disarmed position
- Not possible to arm.
Safety switch is pressed.
- System now prearmed: non-throttling actuators can move (e.g. ailerons).
- System safety is off: Arming possible.
Arm command is issued.
- The system is armed.
- All motors and actuators can move.
COM_PREARM_MODE=Disabled and Safety Switch
When prearm mode is Disabled, engaging the safety switch does not unlock the "safe" actuators, though it does allow you to then arm the vehicle. This corresponds to COM_PREARM_MODE=0 (Disabled) and CBRK_IO_SAFETY=0 (I/O safety circuit breaker disabled).
The startup sequence is:
Power-up.
- All actuators locked into disarmed position
- Not possible to arm.
Safety switch is pressed.
- All actuators stay locked into disarmed position (same as disarmed).
- System safety is off: Arming possible.
Arm command is issued.
- The system is armed.
- All motors and actuators can move.
COM_PREARM_MODE=Always and Safety Switch
When prearm mode is Always, prearm mode is enabled from power up. To arm, you still need the safety switch. This corresponds to COM_PREARM_MODE=2 (Always) and CBRK_IO_SAFETY=0 (I/O safety circuit breaker disabled).
The startup sequence is:
- Power-up.
- System now prearmed: non-throttling actuators can move (e.g. ailerons).
- Not possible to arm.
- Safety switch is pressed.
- System safety is off: Arming possible.
- Arm command is issued.
- The system is armed.
- All motors and actuators can move.
COM_PREARM_MODE=Safety or Disabled and No Safety Switch
With no safety switch, when COM_PREARM_MODE is set to Safety or Disabled prearm mode cannot be enabled (same as disarmed). This corresponds to COM_PREARM_MODE=0 or 1 (Disabled/Safety Switch) and CBRK_IO_SAFETY=22027 (I/O safety circuit breaker engaged).
The startup sequence is:
- Power-up.
- All actuators locked into disarmed position
- System safety is off: Arming possible.
- Arm command is issued.
- The system is armed.
- All motors and actuators can move.
COM_PREARM_MODE=Always and No Safety Switch
When prearm mode is Always, prearm mode is enabled from power up. This corresponds to COM_PREARM_MODE=2 (Always) and CBRK_IO_SAFETY=22027 (I/O safety circuit breaker engaged).
The startup sequence is:
- Power-up.
- System now prearmed: non-throttling actuators can move (e.g. ailerons).
- System safety is off: Arming possible.
- Arm command is issued.
- The system is armed.
- All motors and actuators can move.
参数
| 参数 | 参数描述 |
|---|---|
| COM_PREARM_MODE | Condition to enter prearmed mode. 0: Disabled, 1: Safety switch (prearm mode enabled by safety switch; if no switch present cannot be enabled), 2: Always (prearm mode enabled from power up). Default: 1 (safety button). |
| CBRK_IO_SAFETY | Circuit breaker for IO safety. |